The 2023 amendments to the EU Machinery Regulation (Regulation 2006/42/EC) mark a significant step toward enhancing transparency and accountability in the industrial equipment sector. These updates, adopted to reflect technological advancements and evolving safety priorities, focus on improving traceability for high-risk industrial machines. Manufacturers and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) that place such machinery on the […]
Artificial intelligence has rapidly transitioned from theoretical promise to practical tool, quietly infiltrating business processes across sectors. Yet for all the attention, quantifying the true extent of AI integration in the real economy remains a challenge. This is partly a measurement problem. While surveys proliferate, most lack the granularity to distinguish between sectors where AI […]
The 2022 update to the US Securities and Exchange Commission’s Conflict Minerals Rule brought much-needed clarity to the definitions of “necessary to functionality” and “necessary to production,” terms that have long caused uncertainty for electronics manufacturers and other downstream companies. These clarifications, effective January 2022, directly impact how firms determine whether tin, tantalum, tungsten, and […]
India’s new labour codes, effective January 2024, mark a transformative moment for farm sector transparency by extending formal labor protections to millions of migrant agricultural workers. The consolidation of existing labor laws into four comprehensive codes—the Code on Wages, the Industrial Relations Code, the Social Security Code, and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions […]
The electric vehicle (EV) revolution has transformed supply chains in ways that challenge even seasoned industry analysts. Behind the headlines—surging EV sales, gigafactories rising from the ground, government incentives—lies a complex web of industrial activity, spanning continents and industries. For economists and policymakers, making sense of this landscape requires more than narrative. It demands structure. […]
Canada’s Bill C-13, known as the Child Labour Denial Amendment, took effect in February 2023 and represents a critical step in the nation’s efforts to eliminate child labor from imported supply chains. The legislation prohibits the importation of goods that are mined, manufactured, or produced wholly or in part by child labor. With increasing scrutiny […]
The 2024 updates to the EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (PPWD), originally adopted in 2018, mark a significant tightening of sustainability obligations for businesses across the European Union. With the revised directive now enforcing higher recycled content targets for packaging, manufacturers, brand owners, and importers must enhance the transparency, traceability, and reporting of their […]
Tracking the true growth of e-commerce has become a kind of statistical puzzle in recent years. On the one hand, the sheer pace of digital transformation is obvious—anecdotes abound, headlines proclaim record-breaking sales, and there’s a general sense that online retail is outpacing every other form of commerce. But policymakers, economists, and anyone charged with […]
The US CHIPS and Science Act, signed into law in August 2022, represents a landmark initiative to strengthen domestic semiconductor manufacturing while enhancing the security and transparency of chip supply chains. As global tensions and supply disruptions have highlighted the vulnerabilities in critical technology sectors, the CHIPS Act provides substantial federal incentives to encourage the […]
Germany’s Supply Chain Due Diligence Act (Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz, or LkSG), effective since January 2023, marked a significant shift in corporate responsibility, requiring large firms to monitor and address human rights and environmental risks across their global supply chains. Now, two years into enforcement, clear lessons have emerged for the automotive and textile sectors—the industries most directly […]
The US Corporate Transparency Act (CTA), which came into effect on January 1, 2024, represents a landmark step in combating illicit financial activity by requiring companies to disclose their beneficial owners to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). This centralized registry of ownership information enhances supply chain transparency by helping businesses identify shell companies and […]
Corruption in public procurement remains a stubborn challenge worldwide, siphoning off precious public resources, distorting markets, and undermining trust in government. For decades, transparency advocates and civil society organizations have sought new methods to detect and deter abuse—methods that go beyond anecdote or whistleblower testimony and instead use structured data to identify red flags. In […]
The 2023 update to the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR), originally adopted in 2013, marks a significant tightening of due-diligence expectations for importers of wood and paper products into the European Union. The revised guidance places greater emphasis on the need for companies to verify the legality of timber origins, prevent deforestation-linked sourcing, and ensure full […]
As the number and scale of cybersecurity incidents rise, the question for policymakers is no longer whether sectors are exposed, but rather which are most vulnerable—and why. For those responsible for risk assessment or regulatory oversight, clarity and precision matter. Narratives about cyber risk abound, but the task of translating these into actionable intelligence demands […]
The EU’s 2022 Regulation on Responsible Mining marked a major step forward in promoting ethical sourcing and environmental stewardship within global mineral supply chains. Designed to address the risks of human rights abuses, environmental degradation, and corruption often associated with mining activities, the regulation places binding due-diligence obligations on all EU importers of mined products, […]
Few sectors have changed as visibly or as rapidly in recent years as healthcare. The shift to telemedicine, once seen as a distant possibility, accelerated abruptly under the pressure of the pandemic. Now, as demand for remote medical services persists, policymakers and economists find themselves searching for better ways to measure, understand, and project the […]