China posted a record trade surplus of nearly $1.2 trillion in 2025, highlighting the continued strength of its export sector and its expanding trade engagement with global markets. Official data showed that export growth helped offset slower shipments to the United States, reinforcing China’s role as a major driver of international trade flows.
Total exports rose 5.5% year on year to $3.77 trillion, while imports remained steady at $2.58 trillion, pushing the trade surplus well above previous levels. Export performance accelerated toward the end of the year, with December shipments increasing 6.6% compared with the same period a year earlier, exceeding market expectations. Imports also gained momentum in December, rising 5.7% year on year.
Trade diversification played a key role in the results. While exports to the U.S. declined amid ongoing trade frictions, shipments to regions such as Southeast Asia, South America, Africa, and Europe expanded, helping maintain overall growth. Strong global demand for technology-related products and industrial inputs further supported export performance.
Economists expect exports to remain an important pillar of China’s economy in 2026, even as the global trade environment becomes more complex. Officials have acknowledged external challenges but emphasized that trade fundamentals remain resilient, supported by competitive industries and broad market access.
At the same time, policymakers continue efforts to balance export-led growth with stronger domestic demand, aiming for a more sustainable trade and economic structure. With exports projected to grow at a more moderate pace this year, China’s trade surplus is still expected to remain above the $1 trillion mark, underscoring its continued influence on global trade dynamics.
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