When tracing the emergence of remote health monitoring technologies in 2003, it becomes clear that the very language of the sector was still in flux. The terminology we use todayâ€â€digital health, telemonitoring, connected devicesâ€â€simply didn’t have widespread currency yet. ISIC 8621, the code for general medical practice activities, is the best statistical foothold available, but […]
The early 2000s mark a period of sometimes breathless commentary about India’s place in the global software industry. “Offshoring†had become a watchword, an emblem of shifting economic gravity, and an object of anxiety and ambition in equal measure. But for those hoping to measure the actual contours of the boom, the statistics present as […]
If there’s a throughline in the story of ecommerce, it is how rapidly the landscape outpaced the statistical categories meant to capture it. In 2002, “online marketplace†was a concept familiar only to a small segment of the public, but to those tracking economic activity, the signs were thereâ€â€hidden, perhaps, but real. ISIC 6311, “Data […]
Hydropower in Norway is sometimes spoken of as both legacy and futureâ€â€a backbone for national energy security and, increasingly, an anchor in the country’s renewable portfolio. For those wishing to measure or map the sector’s shape in 2002, ISIC 3510â€â€electric power generation, transmission, and distributionâ€â€serves as the statistical portal. As with most industrial codes, the […]
Tracing the evolution of genetic research at the start of the 21st century is a task that sometimes feels as intricate as the science itself. In 2001, much of the excitement around the completion of the Human Genome Project was matched by uncertainty over how genetic engineering would unfold commercially and institutionally. For those looking […]
Looking back at Silicon Valley in 2001, it’s hard to avoid a sense of contradiction. The dot-com bubble had burst, but the ecosystem itself was, if anything, accelerating. While many high-profile failures grabbed headlines, an undercurrent of new startups persistedâ€â€some on borrowed time, others already laying the groundwork for the internet’s next phase. For economists […]
Tracking the first major expansion of digital advertising agencies is an exercise in both clarity and frustration. The year 2000 stands out as a curious milestoneâ€â€far enough into the internet era that “online advertising†had become a recognizable industry, but still early enough that definitions were fluid, and the numbers rarely aligned as one might […]
The turn of the millennium was an inflection point for renewable energyâ€â€geothermal in particular. Assessing the scale and spread of geothermal expansion around 2000, though, is not just a question of output totals or new plant announcements. The underlying data, drawn from ISIC 3510â€â€electric power generation, transmission, and distributionâ€â€offers both opportunity and complication. Within this […]
By the year 2000, the word “biotechnology†had started to acquire a new weight in economic and policy circles. The Human Genome Project was cresting toward its completion, and suddenly there was a senseâ€â€sometimes anxious, sometimes breathlessâ€â€that the future would be written in genes and proteins as much as in silicon. For anyone trying to […]
If you asked most economists or policymakers at the end of the 1990s what would transform national economies next, the conversation would have circled inevitably to telecommunications. Deregulationâ€â€so often debated, often contentiousâ€â€had swept through much of Europe, Asia, and the Americas by 1999, upending the old model of state-run monopolies. For those tasked with measuring […]
In 1999, the idea of buying books, shoes, or even groceries online still struck many as either wildly futuristic or quietly risky. Yet the undercurrent of commercial innovation was unmistakable. For economists or statisticians hoping to track the expansion of early ecommerce platforms, the search starts with an imperfect tool: ISIC 6201â€â€computer programming activities. In […]
Estimating the impact of software piracy at the close of the 1990s is a task thatâ€â€despite the best intentionsâ€â€often resists straightforward measurement. In 1998, piracy was front-page news in some places, but mostly an ambient risk, a silent factor lurking beneath the official numbers. For analysts seeking to make sense of its effects, ISIC 6201â€â€computer […]
In 1998, the legacy of the Asian Financial Crisis still weighed heavily across the region’s economies. The crisis itselfâ€â€unfolding through 1997 and into the following yearâ€â€left few sectors untouched. For those interested in the intersection of economic contraction and infrastructure, the power generation industry stands out as a particularly telling case. ISIC 3510â€â€electric power generation, […]
The late 1990s stand out as a moment of rapid, almost chaotic, change for communications infrastructure worldwide. Nowhere is this more evident than in the sudden proliferation of Internet Service Providers (ISPs). In 1997, “getting online†was still a novelty for many, but the groundwork for a global digital economy was being laidâ€â€one domain registration, […]
There’s a particular uncertainty to studying genomics at its inceptionâ€â€especially if you’re doing so through the lens of economic data. By 1997, genomics was shedding its reputation as a purely academic pursuit, becoming a field with real commercial gravity. Still, the boundaries were fuzzy. Startups and university spinouts worked alongside established research institutes, and the […]
The mid-1990s, for anyone who cares to look closely, mark a period of unmistakable dynamism in telecommunications. Nowhere is this clearer than in the expansion of mobile phone networks, a transformation that left its mark on both developed and emerging markets. ISIC 6420â€â€Telecommunicationsâ€â€serves as the formal backbone for statistical mapping. Yet, like all such systems, […]