In 2011, telemedicine was still an emerging concept in many parts of the world, but Australia was already exploring its potential through pilot programs aimed at expanding healthcare access across vast and often remote regions. To measure the impact and growth of these telehealth initiatives, ISIC 8621—General medical practice—serves as a valuable classification framework. Although […]
Trade policy—whether in the form of tariffs, free trade agreements, or targeted quotas—has always been a lever with far-reaching consequences. Policymakers know this, of course. The challenge isn’t so much in appreciating the complexity as in making sense of it—quantifying winners, losers, and unintended consequences. In this regard, the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) system […]
Export promotion is often viewed as both art and science—a complex blend of relationship-building, market intelligence, incentives, and trade facilitation. But measuring the real impact of these efforts requires a sharper, more objective lens. Increasingly, export promotion agencies are turning to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) system as the backbone of their performance measurement […]
There is a persistent, often unspoken challenge for economists who want to track the earliest phase of any new industry. Financial technology—what everyone now simply calls fintech—offers a prime example. In 2010, the sector was barely defined, let alone properly categorized. If you were tasked, as I once was, to quantify new fintech startups from […]
There’s something quietly satisfying about tracking the growth of renewable energy, especially in places where the geography itself seems to demand innovation. Iceland, with its restless tectonic seams and plumes of steam rising across the landscape, offers a unique case for those interested in geothermal energy. If you want to quantify the sector’s development in […]
The business of corporate tax auditing is, at its heart, a balancing act—ensuring compliance without stifling entrepreneurship, targeting evasion without wasting resources on compliant firms. In this delicate equation, the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) system has emerged as an unexpectedly powerful tool for tax authorities around the world. By linking company activity to standardized […]
Attempting to map the first stirrings of blockchain research is, in some ways, an exercise in patience. By 2009, the concept was barely on the radar for most research institutions. Bitcoin’s white paper had just started circulating, and outside a handful of cryptography forums, few recognized how transformative distributed ledgers might become. For statisticians and […]
Measuring the growth of offshored web services in 2009 presents a familiar challenge for anyone who has worked with economic classifications. ISIC 6201, covering computer programming activities, is both a window and a wall—it opens up a dataset of remarkable breadth but throws up barriers when it comes to specificity. In the late 2000s, the […]
Examining the effect of policy instruments such as feed-in tariffs on renewable energy capacity has always been a task of both enthusiasm and frustration for statisticians and economists. The 2008 wave of subsidies, designed to jump-start investment in solar and wind power, produced a flurry of new entrants and a patchwork of output gains, but […]
Tracking the early expansion of telemedicine in the United States brings out the complexity inherent in using formal classification systems to study innovation. ISIC 8621—“General medical practice activities”—is as close as the system gets to designating telehealth services, yet it is a category that predates widespread adoption of digital health tools and, predictably, encompasses a […]
Capturing the pace and pattern of broadband expansion in 2007 means contending with both the promise and the imperfections of economic classification systems. ISIC 6312, which refers to web portal activities, offers a pragmatic—if imprecise—starting point for analysts trying to quantify the proliferation of broadband services. In those years, many companies providing access, aggregation, and […]
Studying the evolution of telemedicine in Canada means working within the constraints of existing economic classifications, often pushing them in directions their designers probably never intended. ISIC 8621, which covers general medical practice activities, was not devised with digital health in mind, yet it provides the best entry point for tracking organizational change tied to […]
Tracing the contours of nanotechnology research and development in 2006 is a task that highlights both the promise and the ambiguity of classification systems. ISIC 7210, which covers research and development in natural sciences and engineering, offers a natural starting point. Yet it is a category capacious enough to house everything from biotechnology to climate […]
The landscape of technology in 2006 now seems impossibly quaint. Smartphones were on the cusp of something transformative, but not yet ubiquitous. The word “app,” as a distinct product category, had only just started to slip into mainstream use. For economists or statisticians interested in tracking this early moment—when mobile app studios began to emerge, […]
There’s a certain difficulty, almost a stubbornness, in tracing the early days of wind turbine manufacturing—especially when relying on legacy classification systems. ISIC 2825, the “Manufacture of machinery for mining, quarrying and construction,” is a category that seems, at first, curiously removed from the image of sleek wind farms across Northern Europe. Yet in 2005, […]
Comparing the trajectory of thermal and renewable power capacity in 2004 feels a bit like squinting through a dusty window at a landscape in transition. The numbers are there, mostly, but they don’t always clarify as much as one hopes. ISIC 3510—Electric power generation, transmission and distribution—holds both stories, the legacy of coal-fired giants and […]