The digital revolution in payments has been talked about for years, but the reality on the ground is uneven. Some retailers have leapt into mobile and online payments, while others—sometimes just down the street—stick to cash, wary of transaction fees, technology headaches, or customer resistance. For policymakers and analysts trying to track this transition, ISIC […]
When crisis hits—like it did during the pandemic—governments are pressed to act fast, and act smart. The instinct is to throw a wide safety net over entire sectors, hoping no jobs slip through. But the reality is always more granular. Not every corner of manufacturing is hit the same way, and not every job is […]
For all the talk about the transition to green energy, real progress is measured in projects on the ground—wind farms going up on rural hills, solar panels stretching across rooftops, new hydro stations along rivers that barely made the news. If you want to know how a country or region is moving toward renewables, you […]
Risk is the business of insurance. For centuries, underwriters have weighed the likelihood of loss—whether from fire, theft, accident, or natural disaster—to set premiums that are both fair to policyholders and financially sound for the insurer. The evolution of this process, particularly in an era of big data and complex supply chains, has made industry […]
Digital transformation is no longer just a buzzword. It’s reshaping the very structure of economies, affecting everything from GDP composition to the rhythms of everyday consumer life. Yet for all the rhetoric, measurement remains a challenge. Where does one locate “digitalization” in national statistics, and how can policymakers—or analysts—track its trajectory with any confidence? Here, […]
In much of Latin America, the boundaries between formal and informal work are blurry at best. On paper, government statistics might present a tidy division, but anyone familiar with street life, microenterprise, or professional freelancing knows the reality is more tangled. For policymakers, researchers, and advocates, the question isn’t just how many people are working […]
If there’s a single lesson from the early months of the COVID-19 crisis, it’s that global trade can shudder to a halt almost overnight. The disruptions were felt everywhere, but the specifics—who was most exposed, which sectors rebounded fastest, and where the scars remain—are less obvious. This is where the disciplined use of ISIC codes […]
If the phrase “work from home” felt almost quaint before 2020, it’s hard to imagine anyone thinking that now. During the first wave of lockdowns, telework went from experiment to necessity, often in the span of a week. And while the headlines were full of stories about Zoom meetings and digital nomads, the real shift—the […]
For as long as economists have tried to measure economic output, the informal sector has remained a persistent blind spot. It is—depending on one’s point of view—a source of resilience, a policy headache, or simply an empirical challenge. What is clear is that informal businesses, by definition, operate outside the purview of formal registration systems. […]
Organized crime is a remarkably adaptive adversary. It thrives on complexity, moving illicit funds through layers of seemingly legitimate activity—frequently faster than regulators and law enforcement can respond. In this ongoing battle, one of the quiet but powerful tools at the disposal of investigators is the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) system. By linking business […]
If ever there was a moment that put food systems under a microscope, it was the first half of 2020. As lockdowns spread, so did anxiety about everything from empty shelves to shuttered processing plants. But while the public watched for shortages, analysts and policymakers looked for something subtler: signs of stress and adaptation in […]
Coming out of the first pandemic winter, it seemed every conversation in business circles circled back to digital: who had moved fastest, which firms were scaling, and how new habits—streaming, shopping, remote everything—might stick. Yet, behind the optimism (and occasional hype), there was a real challenge for anyone tasked with measuring what was actually happening […]
If you want to understand a region—truly understand its economic DNA—there’s no shortcut. You have to dig into the data, yes, but also pay attention to how that data is organized. Too often, we fixate on the numbers and forget that the framework shaping them is just as critical. This is where the International Standard […]
Few stories in recent memory have so thoroughly entwined science, logistics, and politics as the global rollout of vaccines from 2019 through 2021. For analysts trying to follow the thread—not just who made the vaccines, but how they moved from factories to arms—the challenge was turning an avalanche of headlines and press releases into a […]
Supply chains, for all their apparent efficiency, have always harbored hidden fragilities. It took a series of global shocks—most notably the COVID-19 pandemic, but also tsunamis, hurricanes, and sudden trade disruptions—to lay bare the sheer complexity and vulnerability embedded in the networks that keep economies running. For policymakers and business leaders, the urgent question became: […]
The shift from linear to circular economic models is gathering momentum around the world. Policymakers, businesses, and researchers increasingly recognize that sustainable growth requires more than just efficient resource use—it demands the creation of closed loops, where materials and products are reused, remanufactured, and recycled rather than discarded. But how does one measure progress toward […]