The informal sector is a defining feature of many economies, especially in low- and middle-income countries. It is a space where millions of people make their livelihoods—often outside the reach of regulation, taxation, and basic legal protections. For governments, the drive to formalize these businesses is both a policy imperative and a formidable challenge. Increasingly, […]
The pharmaceutical sector has long stood out for its commitment to research and development. Yet, behind the headlines of breakthrough drugs and global mergers, the task of measuring R&D investment remains surprisingly complex. For policymakers, economists, and industry leaders, ISIC 2100—covering the manufacture of pharmaceuticals—provides a structured approach to understanding not just who spends, but […]
If the integrity of economic data rests on a single pillar, it is probably the accuracy of industry classification. For decades, national statistical agencies have relied on the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) system to bring order to the messy diversity of economic activity. ISIC is now the bedrock of headline statistics—GDP, productivity, employment, wage […]
When NSPM-33 was signed in February 2018, it was framed as a decisive step in securing critical technologies, with domestic semiconductor manufacturing placed squarely at the heart of the national security conversation. For many in the industry, this presidential memorandum marked the culmination of years of quiet concern. But for others—particularly those more focused on […]
The launch of Canada’s digital ESTMA Registry in 2018 signaled a significant shift in how transparency obligations were expected to be met by firms in the extractive sector. For many companies, this transition to a digital-first reporting framework wasn’t just a matter of compliance—it reflected a broader trend toward making financial data more accessible, both […]
The 2018 guidance issued by the European Commission on the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) marked a subtle yet meaningful tightening of expectations around corporate disclosure, particularly in relation to supply-chain transparency. For many firms—especially large retailers operating across multiple jurisdictions—this wasn’t entirely unexpected. The signals had been there for some time. What stood out in […]
The year 2017 saw the IT sector accelerate at a pace that caught many off guard. From startups innovating in cloud computing to established firms expanding digital consultancy, the surge in activity reshaped markets and employment landscapes alike. For analysts aiming to quantify this growth, ISIC codes 6201 (Computer programming) and 6202 (Computer consultancy) provide […]
When the U.S. Trade and Development Agency launched its Open Data Initiative in 2017, the move was framed as part of a broader effort to promote transparency and encourage U.S. exporters to engage more effectively with emerging markets. For firms operating in cleantech sectors—those engaged in renewable energy, water management, grid modernization, and related technologies—the […]
Canada’s ban on microbeads in rinse-off cosmetics, formalized under Bill C-62 and effective from July 2018, marked a significant shift in how personal care product supply chains were expected to operate. While public focus at the time was largely on the consumer-facing impact—removing visible microplastics from scrubs, cleansers, and toothpaste—the practical implications for manufacturers and […]
The enforcement of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on May 25, 2018, introduced sweeping changes to how organizations manage personal data. For the supply-chain sector, and particularly for vendors of supply-chain software platforms, the impact was immediate and multifaceted. Where previous regulatory frameworks may have allowed greater flexibility in the handling of personal data […]
The circular economy, once a niche concept, began making tangible inroads in 2017, fueled by startups experimenting with material reuse, waste reduction, and closed-loop systems. Measuring this early momentum, however, requires moving beyond broad sustainability slogans to concrete data on material flows and recovery activities. ISIC 3811, which covers the collection of non-hazardous waste, offers […]
The 2018 revision of the U.S. Department of Justice’s guidance on the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) marked a significant shift in how manufacturers and exporters were expected to monitor their third-party relationships. The new guidance emphasized the need for companies to take concrete, documented steps in verifying the integrity of overseas agents, distributors, and […]
For decades, the promise of microfinance has captured the imagination of development economists, policymakers, and practitioners alike. Yet while microfinance institutions (MFIs) have expanded access to credit for millions, questions persist about how to make their outreach both broader and deeper—especially in diverse and underserved communities. Increasingly, the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) system is […]
When Environment Canada introduced the Clean Fuel Standard (CFS) framework in May 2018, it signaled a major shift in the way oil and gas companies would be expected to account for and report their supply-chain emissions. Designed to drive reductions in the carbon intensity of fuels used across Canada, the CFS placed new obligations on […]
In 2016, India’s growing industrial base leaned heavily on electric motors—key components powering everything from manufacturing lines to consumer appliances. Understanding the flow of these imports, especially in the context of evolving tariff policies, became essential for policymakers seeking to balance domestic industry support with supply chain efficiency. ISIC 2710, the classification for manufacture of […]
Vietnam’s June 2018 supplementary decree, designed to bolster enforcement of the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR), marked a significant step forward in the country’s efforts to assure international markets of the legality of its timber exports. For logging companies and wood product exporters, the decree introduced new obligations that required greater transparency in sourcing and more […]